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= 🌍 Major International Events & Global Developments of 2025 =

=== '''~~<big>2025 Year in Review</big>~~'~~'' ===~~

''A concise, authoritative global overview''

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== 🌐 1. Global Summits & International Diplomacy ==

=== G20 Johannesburg Summit (November 2025) ===

2025 marked a historic moment as the G20 Summit was held for the first time on the African continent. Hosted in Johannesburg, leaders focused on global economic stability, digital governance, AI regulations, climate resilience, and development financing for the Global South.

=== NATO Summit in The Hague (June 2025) ===

NATO leaders met in The Hague to strengthen defence commitments, address rising global security tensions, and realign strategic priorities. Issues included cyber defence, space security, and collective readiness.

=== BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro (July 2025) ===

The 17th BRICS Summit emphasized global governance reform, sustainable development, South–South economic cooperation, technology partnerships, and establishing a fairer international financial architecture.

=== UN Ocean Conference (Nice, France – June 2025) ===

Nations committed to new ocean-conservation efforts, including creating large protected marine areas, addressing deep-sea mining concerns, and expanding coalitions to curb marine noise and plastic pollution.

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== ⚔️ 2. Conflicts, Security & Global Tensions ==

=== War-related human and geopolitical crises ===

2025 continued to witness major global conflicts, including the ongoing Ukraine war and instability across conflict-prone regions. These crises reshaped alliances, fuelled humanitarian emergencies, and affected global energy and food chains.

=== Rise in global defence spending ===

Several countries increased defence budgets, reflecting heightened geopolitical uncertainty and the need to strengthen strategic capabilities across land, cyber, and space domains.

=== Shifts in alliances ===

Countries worldwide reassessed partnerships and defence agreements, with new regional coalitions forming rapidly in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa.

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== 🌱 3. Environment, Climate & Sustainability ==

=== Global push for ocean and climate protection ===

The world saw renewed commitment toward climate action, with major pledges for ocean conservation, carbon-neutral targets, sustainable energy, and biodiversity restoration.

=== Extreme climate events ===

Multiple regions experienced severe climate anomalies, drawing global attention to adaptation funding, disaster preparedness, and climate migration challenges.

----

== 🧠 4. Technology, AI, and Global Digital Governance ==

=== AI becomes central to global policy ===

Countries and multilateral bodies debated frameworks for AI ethics, deepfake regulation, digital safety, and responsible innovation — making 2025 a landmark year for tech governance.

=== Digital economy disruptions ===

Rapid technological advancements impacted employment, global trade, education systems, and cybersecurity, prompting global discussions on digital rights and workforce reskilling.

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== 💼 5. Economy, Trade, and Global Markets ==

=== Economic fragmentation & supply-chain realignment ===

Countries continued diversifying supply chains to reduce dependency on single regions. Trade blocs pursued new agreements to stabilize markets amid global uncertainty.

=== Energy transitions ===

Nations accelerated their renewable-energy investments, green hydrogen programs, nuclear modernizations, and climate-finance projects.

----

== 🤝 6. Global Cooperation Trends ==

=== Rising role of Global South ===

Nations from Africa, Asia, and Latin America gained stronger voices in global institutions, diplomacy, and multilateral negotiations.

=== Focus on inclusive development ===

Summits throughout 2025 emphasized equality, digital literacy, gender inclusion, and sustainable growth — highlighting the need for a fair global system.

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 |-
 | colspan="2" style="border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f4ff; padding:15px;" |
+= 🌍 Major International Events & Global Developments of 2025 =
-=== '''<big>2025 Year in Review</big>''' ===
+''A concise, authoritative global overview''
+----
+== 🌐 1. Global Summits & International Diplomacy ==
+=== G20 Johannesburg Summit (November 2025) ===
+marked a historic moment as the G20 Summit was held for the first time on the African continent. Hosted in Johannesburg, leaders focused on global economic stability, digital governance, AI regulations, climate resilience, and development financing for the Global South.
+=== NATO Summit in The Hague (June 2025) ===
+NATO leaders met in The Hague to strengthen defence commitments, address rising global security tensions, and realign strategic priorities. Issues included cyber defence, space security, and collective readiness.
+=== BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro (July 2025) ===
+The 17th BRICS Summit emphasized global governance reform, sustainable development, South–South economic cooperation, technology partnerships, and establishing a fairer international financial architecture.
+=== UN Ocean Conference (Nice, France – June 2025) ===
+Nations committed to new ocean-conservation efforts, including creating large protected marine areas, addressing deep-sea mining concerns, and expanding coalitions to curb marine noise and plastic pollution.
+----
+== ⚔️ 2. Conflicts, Security & Global Tensions ==
+=== War-related human and geopolitical crises ===
+continued to witness major global conflicts, including the ongoing Ukraine war and instability across conflict-prone regions. These crises reshaped alliances, fuelled humanitarian emergencies, and affected global energy and food chains.
+=== Rise in global defence spending ===
+Several countries increased defence budgets, reflecting heightened geopolitical uncertainty and the need to strengthen strategic capabilities across land, cyber, and space domains.
+=== Shifts in alliances ===
+Countries worldwide reassessed partnerships and defence agreements, with new regional coalitions forming rapidly in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa.
+----
+== 🌱 3. Environment, Climate & Sustainability ==
+=== Global push for ocean and climate protection ===
+The world saw renewed commitment toward climate action, with major pledges for ocean conservation, carbon-neutral targets, sustainable energy, and biodiversity restoration.
+=== Extreme climate events ===
+Multiple regions experienced severe climate anomalies, drawing global attention to adaptation funding, disaster preparedness, and climate migration challenges.
+----
+== 🧠 4. Technology, AI, and Global Digital Governance ==
+=== AI becomes central to global policy ===
+Countries and multilateral bodies debated frameworks for AI ethics, deepfake regulation, digital safety, and responsible innovation — making 2025 a landmark year for tech governance.
+=== Digital economy disruptions ===
+Rapid technological advancements impacted employment, global trade, education systems, and cybersecurity, prompting global discussions on digital rights and workforce reskilling.
+----
+== 💼 5. Economy, Trade, and Global Markets ==
+=== Economic fragmentation & supply-chain realignment ===
+Countries continued diversifying supply chains to reduce dependency on single regions. Trade blocs pursued new agreements to stabilize markets amid global uncertainty.
+=== Energy transitions ===
+Nations accelerated their renewable-energy investments, green hydrogen programs, nuclear modernizations, and climate-finance projects.
+----
+== 🤝 6. Global Cooperation Trends ==
+=== Rising role of Global South ===
+Nations from Africa, Asia, and Latin America gained stronger voices in global institutions, diplomacy, and multilateral negotiations.
+=== Focus on inclusive development ===
+Summits throughout 2025 emphasized equality, digital literacy, gender inclusion, and sustainable growth — highlighting the need for a fair global system.
 |}